Nasal septoplasty is a surgical procedure performed to correct a deviated septum, which is the displacement of the bone and cartilage that divide the two nostrils. A deviated septum can cause breathing difficulties, nasal congestion, frequent sinus infections, nosebleeds, snoring, and sleep apnea due to the blockage of airflow through the nasal passages. Septoplasty aims to straighten the septum, improving airflow, reducing nasal obstruction, and alleviating associated symptoms. The causes of a deviated septum vary and can include congenital defects, meaning the individual was born with the condition, or it can result from injury or trauma to the nose, such as a blow to the face or nasal surgery. Aging and normal growth may also exacerbate a deviated septum, leading to more pronounced symptoms over time. Some people may not be aware they have a deviated septum until symptoms develop or become severe, prompting an evaluation by an otolaryngologist (ENT specialist). Symptoms that may lead to a septoplasty include chronic nasal congestion, difficulty breathing through one or both nostrils, frequent nosebleeds, and recurrent sinus infections. Other symptoms include snoring, noisy breathing during sleep, and a reduced sense of smell. For some individuals, the deviation can also cause facial pain or headaches due to increased pressure in the nasal passages. Septoplasty is often recommended when these symptoms significantly impact the patient's quality of life or when conservative treatments, such as nasal sprays, antihistamines, or decongestants, have failed to provide relief. Complications of nasal septoplasty are relatively uncommon but can include bleeding, infection, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. Postoperative complications may include septal perforation (a hole in the septum), persistent nasal obstruction, changes in the shape of the nose, decreased sense of smell, and, in rare cases, cerebrospinal fluid leak. Some patients may experience temporary swelling, bruising, or discomfort around the nose and eyes, which typically subsides within a few weeks. After the procedure, patients are usually advised to avoid strenuous activities, nose blowing, and exposure to irritants such as smoke or dust, to promote healing and minimize the risk of complications. A follow-up appointment with the surgeon is essential to monitor the healing process and ensure that the septum is correctly aligned. Nasal septoplasty can significantly improve breathing, reduce symptoms associated with a deviated septum, and enhance the overall quality of life for individuals affected by this condition.
